class: center, middle # Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS) (Licensing) ## A Crash Course for Computer Scientists .col-left[ .lite[ Felix C. Stegerman `
`
`@obfusk` 2016-10-07 Bachelor Student Computer Science
Radboud University ] ] .col-right[ .logos[.logos-2[ ![](Free_Software_Foundation_Europe,_logo.svg) ]] .lite[ Deputy Coordinator Netherlands
Free Software Foundation Europe ] ] ??? .small[ NB: The logo of the FSFE must never be used in a way that could be understood as endorsing certain activities, home pages, products or entities without prior consent of the FSFE. ] --- name: default class: middle, center layout: true --- ## History .large[.nobullets[ * Before 1980: mostly academic culture * 1980 @ MIT AI Lab: new printer w/o source code * "Who controls the software?" ]] .logos[.logos-4[ ![](Richard_Stallman_-_FĂȘte_de_l'HumanitĂ©_2014_-_010.jpg) ![](xerox_9700.png) ]] .large[.nobullets[ * GNU/Linux, Firefox, LibreOffice, Apache, VLC, ... * Git, Android, ... ]] ??? * Xerox 9700; jammed -> message; freely modify used software * the computers? our digital lives? Apple? Microsoft? Facebook? etc. * Free as in Freedom, not Beer (or Lunch) > Millions of people make use of free and open-source software. The infrastructure of the internet relies on it, as do the servers of large and small organisations. Without FOSS, the internet as we know it would not exist. --- ## Four Freedoms .large[.nobullets[ * 0: to **run** freely, for any purpose * 1: to **study** and **adapt** to your needs * 2: to **redistribute**, so you can help others * 3: to **release improvements**, so everyone benefits ]] ### Open Source > "Open source is a development methodology; free software is a social movement." --- ## Security See "Increased security through open source"
by Jaap-Henk Hoepman & Bart Jacobs ## Dependence & Privacy .large[.nobullets[ * Fundamental freedoms * Puts control in the hands of its users * Verify vs trust blindly * Autonomy & sovereignty (voting machines, ...) * IoT / medical devices ]] ### Kerckhoffs's principle ### Requirement, not a guarantee ??? * why I only use free software * proponents (like myself) say... * easy to design system I can't break (see also Roel Verdult) * no guarantee: heartbleed / resources --- ## Not just for individuals .large[.nobullets[ * Terms & conditions; didn't read * Not dependent on vendor; can modify; future-proof; interoperability; flexibility; localization * No Facebook or Twitter w/o FOSS * Android, Ruby on Rails, .net, ... ]] ??? * businesses are (juridical) persons too --- ## Business Models .large[.nobullets[ * *Adding value* vs paying for license: not charging for the software but for services, support, training, customization, integration, certification... ]] ### Also .large[.nobullets[ * Funding & grants * Donation-based funding / crowdfunding * Free software w/ proprietary data (e.g. games) * Dual licensing / open core / freemium * Software as a service * Re-licensing ]] ### Customers' rights? .large[.nobullets[ * Developing software (e.g. websites, apps) for customers ]] ??? * selling is perfectly legal... * google sells ads, not software * redhat (support) * summer of code / universities / governments * mysql (dual) * saas vs. user freedom * mac os (re-licensing) --- ## Public benefits .large[.nobullets[ * Government * Public good * Generative technology (students!) * Open standards ]] ## Motie-Vendrik ## Academia .large[.nobullets[ * Sharing knowledge * Wider use * Reproducibility & verifiability ]] ??? * publicly funded... --- ## Permissive vs Copyleft .large[.nobullets[ * Copyleft - all rights reversed * Uses copyright to enforce reciprocity * Whose freedom? (developer vs user) * Private modifications are OK (modulo AGPL) ]] .logos[.logos-4[ ![](Copyleft.svg) ]] --- ## Popular and Interesting Licenses .large[.nobullets[ * MIT (permissive) * Apache (permissive*) * MPL ("weak" copyleft) * LGPL (copyleft + permissive linking) * GPL (copyleft) * AGPL ("strong"* copyleft) ]] .logos[.logos-3[ ![](Apache_Software_Foundation_Logo_2016.svg) ![](GPLv3_Logo.svg) ]] ### Licence (in)compatibilities? ??? * Apache is permissive except unmodified parts must be same license and notification for changes is required. * MPL allows combining w/ non-MPL files * AGPL requires source to be made available to network users --- .box[ ``` The MIT License (MIT) Copyright (c)
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. ``` ] ??? * only kind of license that fits on a single slide * unfortunately not copyleft * no need to hire a lawyer to read it? * although you don't usually need to read the GPL either... --- ## T-DOSE .huge[ Technical Dutch Open Source Event 12-13 November 2016 in Eindhoven ] .logos[.logos-1[ ![](t-dose.png) ]] ??? > T-DOSE is a free and yearly event held in The Netherlands to promote use and development of Open Source Software. During this event Open Source projects, developers and visitors can exchange ideas and knowledge. This years event will be held at the Fontys University of Applied Science in Eindhoven on November 12 and 13. --- .hugest[Q&A] --- ## Links .nobullets[ * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_free_and_open-source_software_licenses * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_models_for_open-source_software * https://www.fsf.org/licensing/ * https://blogs.fsfe.org/flx/2014/05/07/the-importance-of-free-software/ ]